A Guide to Functional Mushrooms and Adaptogens
What Does Adaptogen Mean?
Adaptogen is a category, not an outcome. It describes how a plant or fungus has traditionally been classified, and it tells you nothing on its own about what any particular extract contains. Functional mushrooms are the fungi that fall under that heading: lion's mane, cordyceps, reishi, chaga and turkey tail.
What is worth reading is one level down, in the compounds. Four classes account for almost everything a certificate of analysis will report, and each is drawn out of the mushroom a different way.
The Four Compound Classes
Beta-D-Glucans
The branched fibre in fungal cell walls. Water-soluble, which is why extracts start with hot water. How it is measured.
Triterpenoids
Not water-soluble. They need an ethanol step. Ganoderic acids in reishi, betulin in chaga. Read more.
Polysaccharides
The wider family of long-chain carbohydrates. Beta-glucan is one member of it, so the two numbers are not the same. The difference.
Cordycepin
A nucleoside, not a fibre. Measured by chromatography rather than an enzyme assay, which is why fewer brands report it. Found in Cordyceps militaris.
Fruiting Body or Mycelium
The single most useful thing to check on a label. A whole fruiting body extract is made from the mushroom. A mycelium grown on grain product is made from the fungal root network cultured on rice or oats, and the grain comes along with it. Grain is starch, starch is alpha-glucan, and a large polysaccharide figure can be mostly that.
See how a laboratory tells the two apart, and how we choose what goes in the jar. Every Alchemy Dose extract is made from the whole fruiting body, never mycelium grown on grain, with its compound figure disclosed per batch.
Where the Word Came From
Reishi appears in the Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing roughly two thousand years ago. Keeda Jadi is recorded in Tibetan practice. Lion's mane is Yamabushitake in Japan, named for the mountain ascetics. We describe these traditions as history and culture, not as health claims, and we publish the compound figure from each batch so you can read the mushroom rather than the marketing.
NOT FOR MEDICINAL USE. These are foods and are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. Marketed and sold by Nutradose Private Limited under FSSAI License No. 13326999000107.
How To Read A Mushroom Label
There are thousands of mushroom species. A handful are used as functional mushrooms, and two jars of the same species can hold entirely different things.
Four questions separate one mushroom product from another. Nothing on a front label answers them. All four are answered on a certificate of analysis, if the brand publishes one.
Which Species
Each mushroom is defined by a different compound. Lion's mane is not reishi with a different label.
Our picks, belowWhich Part
The mushroom, or the fungal root network grown on rice? Grain is starch, and starch inflates the number.
The grain problemWhich Extraction
Hot water pulls the glucans. Ethanol pulls the triterpenoids. A dual extract does both. It is a method, not a grade.
Water or alcoholWhich Number
Polysaccharides is the family. Beta-glucan is the member. A brand reporting only the family has told you which test it paid for.
What gets measuredEvery Alchemy Dose extract is made from the whole fruiting body, never mycelium grown on grain, and every compound figure is disclosed per batch. Here are the species we work with.
Mushrooms That Are FUNCTIONAL
How A Mushroom Extract Is Made
Which solvent you use decides which compounds you get. That is the whole of it. A dual extract is a description of a process, not a grade of quality.
Simmering in hot water dissolves the water-soluble fraction. This is how the glucans come out, and it is why a turkey tail extract needs nothing else.
Draws out: beta-D-glucans, polysaccharides
Leaves behind: triterpenoids, sterols
Ethanol dissolves what water cannot. Ganoderic acids in reishi, betulin drawn from chaga's birch host, and the sterols alongside them.
Draws out: triterpenoids, sterols
Leaves behind: beta-glucans, polysaccharides
Hot water first, then ethanol, and the two liquids combined. Used where a species carries both fractions, as reishi and chaga do.
Draws out: both fractions
Worth paying for: only when the species has both
| Compound | Hot water | Ethanol | Where it is |
|---|---|---|---|
| Beta-D-glucans | Yes | No | Every species |
| Polysaccharides | Yes | No | Every species |
| Triterpenoids | No | Yes | Reishi, chaga |
| Ganoderic acids | No | Yes | Reishi |
| Betulin | No | Yes | Chaga, from its birch |
| Cordycepin | Yes | Yes | Cordyceps militaris |
Extraction breaks down chitin, the fungal cell wall, and separates the compounds held inside it. A single hot-water extract is the right method for turkey tail. A dual extract is the right method for reishi. Read what each compound is, and how a laboratory measures it, in our compound guide, then read the figure we disclose per batch.
